The RSV vaccine: what you need to know

Like clockwork, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) starts to cycle through households throughout the country in the fall and winter, right in the midst of cold and flu season. And though the virus is typically only marked by mild, cold-like symptoms that disappear in a week or two in most people, it can become serious, or even deadly – especially in infants, toddlers, and older adults.

But now the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved new RSV vaccines to protect infants and toddlers, pregnant people and seniors.

RSV season typically runs September through January for most of the continental United States. But no matter what the time of year, knowing more about the vaccines can keep your family safe.

Guidance for pregnant people

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends pregnant people receive one dose of the maternal RSV vaccine during weeks 32 through 36 of pregnancy if the person is pregnant during RSV season. This vaccination is meant to protect newborns because babies born to mothers who got the vaccine at least two weeks before delivery will be protected. In fact, in most cases, if the mother received the vaccination prior to giving birth, the child will not need an RSV immunization of their own later.

Guidance for infants and young children

For those babies whose mothers did not receive the maternal RSV vaccine while pregnant, or if the mother’s vaccination status is unknown, the CDC recommends the RSV vaccine for all infants younger than eight months who are either born during RSV season or entering their first RSV season. In addition, if the mother received the vaccine while pregnant but within fourteen days of giving birth, the baby will need to be vaccinated.

Additionally, babies and toddlers between the ages of eight and 24 months may need a vaccine if they are at increased risk. This can include:

• Children who were born prematurely.
• Children who have chronic lung disease.
• Children with a compromised immune system.
• Children with severe cystic fibrosis.
• Indigenous children.

Consult with your child’s pediatrician for the best recommendations.

Guidance for adults 60 and older

The CDC encourages adults 60 and older to discuss whether it’s appropriate to get the vaccine with their physician. Doctors may recommend getting the vaccine if you:

• Have a weakened immune system
• Cope with a chronic medical condition
• Live in a nursing home.

Additionally, even if you’ve had RSV previously, the vaccine can help prevent future respiratory disease from RSV.

What about everyone else?

Typically, those who are 20 months or older have already had exposure to RSV and been infected, so they are less likely to benefit from the vaccine. Additionally, those younger than 60 will typically have a stronger immune system. With this, the RSV vaccine is not currently recommended for anyone else, but if you still have questions or concerns, reach out to your physician.

Side effects

The most common side effects from the RSV vaccine include:

• Pain, redness and swelling in the shot area
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Headache
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Muscle and joint pain

These symptoms are usually mild. As with any vaccine, there is a low risk of a serious allergic reaction. If you see any signs such as hives, swelling of the face or throat, difficulty breathing, a fast heartbeat, dizziness, or weakness, seek medical attention at once by calling 9-1-1.

Stay informed, stay healthy

Make sure that cough doesn’t turn into something worse, especially during RSV season. Talk to your physician to find out more about the RSV vaccine, when RSV season falls for your specific locality, and the best options for you and the infants, toddlers and seniors in your life.

Additionally, check out the resources available through Sentara Health Plans, including the Partners in Pregnancy Program, which offers guidance, support and education for expectant moms enrolled with Sentara Health Plans insurance.